Mouth cancer is every form of cancerous tumour that develops in the lips, tongue, and oral cavity. Lip cancer and tongue cancer are the most common types.

MOUTH CANCER CAUSES

Predisposing causes of mouth cancer are smoking, poor oral hygiene, drinking alcoholic spirits, chewing tobacco, and inhaling snuff. Irritation from ill-fitting dentures or jagged teeth are other risk factors. Men are affected twice as commonly as women; most cases occur in men over the age of 40.

MOUTH CANCER SYMPTOMS

In most cases, the cancer begins with a whitish patch, called leukoplakia, or a small lump. These lesions may cause a burning sensation, but are usually painless. As a tumor grows, it may develop into an ulcer or a deep fissure, which may bleed and erode surrounding tissue.

MOUTH CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Diagnosis is based on a biopsy. Treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy, or both. Surgical treatment may cause facial disfigurement and problems with eating and speaking, which may then necessitate plastic surgery to restore appearance and function. Radiotherapy may be given either externally or with implants in the area (brachytherapy); however, it sometimes damages the salivary glands.

When mouth cancer is detected and treated early, the outlook is good. Any nonhealing ulcer or lump in the mouth should be assessed by a doctor or dentist within two weeks, to maximize the chance of effective treatment.

Source: A-Z family medical encyclopedia by BMA

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